Other Copper Piping Applications
Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning
Copper is the preferred material for use with all refrigerants except ammonia. Huge quantities of copper tube and fittings are used in the fabrication of equipment and for the installation of systems.
Type ACR tube (Air-Conditioning-Refrigeration) is covered by ASTM Standard B 280. It is degreased, dehydrated, and capped before it leaves the tube production plant. Nitrogen-charged or nitrogen-purged tube are also available. The nitrogen protects the tube and maintains a clean surface inside the tube prior to installation.
Medical Gas Systems
Medical gas systems convey nonflammable medical gases used for patient care in health care facilities, and include oxygen, nitrous oxide, medical air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and vacuum lines.
Hard temper copper tube is the only material permitted by installation codes for above ground medical gas systems in Canada. CSA Standard Z305.1 specifies that Types K and L tube manufactured to meet the requirements of ASTM Standard B 819 be used. B 819 tube is specially cleaned and is supplied to the installer capped or plugged. Care must be taken to prevent contamination of the system when the caps or plugs are removed. During installation and brazing, continuous purging with nitrogen is carried out to maintain a clean, oxide free interior. For copper-to-copper joints, a copper-phosphorus brazing filler metal (BCuP series) without flux is required. A flux is permitted when brazing dissimilar metals.
Note: CSA Z305.1 must be referred to for details on the materials and joining methods permitted for medical gas installation.
Fire Sprinklers
The National Building Code of Canada and provincial codes reference NFPA* Standards 13, 13D and 13R for the installation of fire sprinkler systems in buildings for all types of occupancies including residences. The NFPA Standards permit Types M, L, and K copper tube to be used for wet sprinkler systems, in sizes down to 3/4-in.
A variety of joining methods may be used, including brazing, soldering, and epoxy adhesives. Tee-pulling tools and brazed joints are particularly suitable for installing the grids of tube needed to provide sprinkler coverage on floors of office buildings, for example. Mechanical couplings may be used for large sizes of tube. (* National Fire Protection Association)
Snow Melting Systems
A solution of hot water and glycol antifreeze can be circulated at temperatures between 50oC and 55oC (120 to 130oF) through copper tube embedded in concrete slabs or asphalt, to melt surface snow and ice from walks, ramps, driveways and loading platforms. Type L tube generally is used for this application, and it is buried about 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inches below the surface, depending on whether concrete or asphalt is used. It is laid out in sinuous or grid patterns similar to radiant heating systems.
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Recent heat pump technology, known as direct-expansion, uses a refrigerant-filled copper coil which is buried in direct contact with the earth. This design eliminates the need for an extra pump and heat exchanger commonly seen in conventional ground-source heat pump systems which use a secondary antifreeze solution circulating through a plastic ground coil. The most efficient ground-source heat pumps use small sizes of ACR or Type L copper tube. The tube for the coil can either be buried vertically where space is a premium, or horizontally in medium depth trenches.
Solar Heating
Copper tube is used in the roof-top collectors in active solar energy systems, and for the lines joining the collectors to the circulation equipment. These systems capture energy from the sun to heat domestic water, which reduces a residence’s energy consumption for regular water heating.
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